PNIVEBSITY  OF   CALIFORHIA   PUBLICATIONS 

COLLEGE  OF  AGRICULTURE 

AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT  STATION 

BERKELEY,  CALIFORNIA 


PRELIMINARY  VOLUME  TABLES 


FOR 


SECOND-GROWTH  REDWOOD 


BY 

DONALD  BRUCE 


BULLETIN  No.  334 

October, 1921 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  PRESS 

BERKELEY 

1921 


David  P.  Barrows,  President  of  the  University. 

EXPEEIMENT  STATION  STAFF 

HEADS   OF  DIVISIONS 

Thomas  Forsyth  Hunt,  Dean. 

Edward  J.  Wickson,  Horticulture  (Emeritus). 

,  Director  of  Resident  Instruction. 

C.  M.  Haring,  Veterinary  Science,  Director  of  Agricultural  Experiment  Station. 

B.  H.  Crocheron,  Director  of  Agricultural  Extension. 
Hubert  E.  Van  Norman,  Dairy  Management. 

James    T.   Barrett,    Plant   Pathology,    Acting    Dircetor    of    Citrus  Expeirment 

Station 
William  A.  Setchell,  Botany. 
Myer  E.  Jaffa,  Nutrition. 
Ralph  E.  Smith,  Plant  Pathology. 
John  W.  Gilmore,  Agronomy. 
Charles  F.  Shaw,  Soil  Technology. 

John  W.  Gregg,  Landscape  Gardening  and  Floriculture. 
Frederic  T.  Bioletti,  Viticulture  and  Fruit  Products. 
Warren  T.  Clarke,  Agricultural  Extension. 
Ernest  B.  Babcock,  Genetics. 
Gordon  H.  True,  Animal  Husbandry. 
Walter  Mulford,  Forestry. 
Fritz  W.  Woll,  Animal  Nutrition. 
W.  P.  Kelley,  Agricultural  Chemistry. 
H.  J.  Quayle,  Entomology. 
Elwood  Mead,  Rural  Institutions. 
H.  S.  Reed,  Plant  Physiology. 
L.  D.  Batchelor,  Orchard  Management. 
J.  C.  Whitten,  Pomology, 
f Frank  Adams,  Irrigation  Investigations. 

C.  L.  Roadhouse,  Dairy  Industry. 
R.  L.  Adams,  Farm  Management. 

W.  B.  Herms,  Entomology  and  Parasitology. 

F.  L.  Griffin,  Agricultural  Education. 
John  E.  Dougherty,  Poultry  Husbandry. 

D.  R.  Hoagland,  Plant  Nutrition. 

G.  H.  Hart,  Veterinary  Science. 

L.  J.  Fletcher,  Agricultural  Engineering. 
Edwin  C.  Voorhies,  Assistant  to  the  Dean. 

Division  of  Forestry 

Walter  Mulford  Woodbridge  Metcalf 

Donald  Bruce  Emanuel  Fritz 


f  In  cooperation  with  Office  of  Public  Roads  and   Rural  Engineering,   U.   S. 
Department  of  Agriculture. 


PRELIMINARY  VOLUME  TABLES   FOR 
SECOND   GROWTH    REDWOOD 

By  DONALD  BEUCE 


The  importance  of  second-growth  stands  of  redwood  (Sequoia 
sempervirens)  is  just  coming  to  be  widely  recognized.  The  only 
volume  table  applicable  thereto,  which  as  yet  has  been  published,  is 
that  in  "The  Redwood,"*  printed  in  1903,  and  this  is  of  the  type, 
now  obsolete,  which  disregards  tree  heights  and  treats  all  trees  of  a 
given  diameter  as  if  they  had  the  same  volume.  The  need  of  new 
tables  is  therefore  evident.  The  preparation  of  those  herewith  pre- 
sented was  made  possible  by  the  U.  S.  Forest  Service  in  making 
available  for  recompilation  the  tree  measurements  which  were  the 
basis  of  the  earlier  table  above  mentioned. 

Many  timber  cruisers  believe  that  virgin  redwood  cannot  be  meas- 
ured accurately  by  means  of  volume  tables,  but  the  same  arguments, 
such  as  those  depending  on  its  irregularity  of  form,  extreme  liability 
to  breakage,  etc.,  do  not  apply  to  young  trees.  The  volume  table 
method  should  be  as  applicable  to  second  growth  of  redwood  as  to 
that  of  any  other  species. 

Since  the  commercial  importance  of  young  redwood  stands  is  still 
in  the  future  the  tables  have  been  prepared  on  the  basis  of  the  close 
utilization  which  may  be  expected  in  coming  years.  It  is  anticipated 
that  tops  will  be  used  down  to  5  inches,  and  that  stumps  be  cut  as  low 
as  18  inches. 

Neither  of  the  log  rules  commonly  used  in  California,  the 
Spaulding  and  the  Scribner  Decimal  C,  are  accurate  when  applied 
to  small  trees,  and  the  more  scientific  and  correct,  though  little  known, 
International  rule,  was  therefore  used.  The  volumes  given  in  the 
tables  should  be  considered  as  representing  the  amount  of  lumber 
which  can  actually  be  sawed  by  careful  mill-practice,  rather  than  the 
logscale  by  any  commonly  used  rule. 

The  tables  should  be  considered  as  preliminary  approximations 
only,  subject  to  subsequent  revision.  This  is  for  two  reasons,  first, 
because  the  trees  measured  did  not  include  a  sufficient  number  of  the 
larger  sizes,  and  second,  because  the  data  were  not  secured  from  a 
sufficiently  wide  range  of  site  conditions. 

Two  tables  are  presented.  The  first,  based  on  merchantable  height 
to  5  inches  in  the  top,  was  prepared  by  the  frustum  form  factor 
method.  The  second,  based  on  total  height,  was  derived  from  the 
first  by  means  of  a  study  of  the  average  length  of  top  above  5  inches 
for  trees  of  various  heights  and  diameters. 

*  Bulletin  No.  38,  Bureau  of  Forestry,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agriculture. 

[235] 


236 


UNIVERSITY  OF   CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT  STATION 


Volume  Table  I 


Diam. 

Breast 

High 

NUMBEB 

Merchantable  Height 
of  16-Foot  Logs  to  5  Inches 

in  Top 

Basis 

No. 

of 

Trees 

Frustum 

Form 
Factor* 

Average 
Height 

Inches 

Hi 

m 

2 

2i4 

3 

3tf 

4 

4% 

5 

5K 

6 

Logs 

VOL 

UME 

BOA 

RD  F 

EET 

7 

18 

25 

34 

44 

54 

66 

8 

19 

27 

39 

51 

64 

78 

257 

.99 

1.4 

9 

20 

30 

43 

58 

74 

90 

.98 

10 

20 

32 

48 

65 

84 

103 

160 

.97 

1.9 

11 

21 

34 

52 

73 

94 

115 

137 

.95 

12 

22 

37 

58 

81 

105 

130 

154 

113 

.93 

2.4 

13 

23 

40 

63 

89 

117 

145 

172 

202 

225 

.92 

14 

68 

97 

130 

159 

190 

222 

252 

54 

.90 

2.9 

15 

74 

105 

143 

174 

209 

242 

280 

.89 

16 

81 

112 

156 

191 

230 

269 

309 

30 

.88 

3.1 

17 

87 

123 

170 

210 

252 

295 

339 

.87 

18 

93 

135 

183 

225 

277 

321 

371 

11 

.86 

3.4 

19 

198 

250 

303 

353 

406 

455 

509 

.85 

20 

216 

271 

330 

385 

442 

495 

555 

13 

.85 

3.7 

21 

235 

295 

357 

413 

479 

535 

602 

.84 

22 

254 

320 

386 

451 

518 

580 

650 

1 

.84 

3.7 

23 

274 

343 

416 

485 

557 

625 

699 

.83 

24 

294 

368 

447 

520 

596 

670 

751 

2 

.83 

3.9 

25 

314 

396 

479 

560 

640 

720 

805 

.82 

26 

336 

421 

512 

597 

686 

771 

861 

1 

.82 

4.0 

27 

358 

452 

546 

639 

733 

825 

919 

.82 

28 

381 

480 

581 

679 

781 

875 

978 

1 

.81 

4.2 

29 

405 

507 

618 

720 

830 

930 

1041 

.81 

30 

430 

545 

656 

768 

880 

992 

1107 

.81 

Total.. 

643 

*  The  ratio  between  the  volume  of  the  actual  tree  and  that  of  a  theoretical  tree 
of  perfectly  regular  taper,  a  value  calculated  and  used  in  preparing  the  table. 

Stump  height  1.5  feet. 

Trees  scaled  in  16  foot  logs  with  0.3  foot  trimming  allowance  to  5  inches  d.  i.  b. 
in  top,  International  rule. 

Basis  643  stem  analyses  taken  by  U.  S.  Forest  Service  in  1899  in  Humboldt 
and  Del  Norte  Counties. 

Check  against  basic  data  shows  aggregate  error  of  %0o  °f  1  Per  cent,  and 
average  deviation  of  individual  trees  of  13.7  per  cent. 


[Bulletin  334] 


PRELIMINARY  VOLUME  TABLES 


237 


Volume  Table  II 


Diameter 
Breast 

Total  Height — Feet 

High 
Inches 

40 

50 

60 

70 

80 

90 

100 

no 

120 

130 

vo 

LUME 

BOA 

RD  FE 

ET 

8 

20 

32 

44 

58 

9 

26 

38 

52 

69 

10 

18 

30 

45 

63 

82 

103 

11 

24 

38 

54 

75 

97 

121 

12 

30 

46 

65 

88 

113 

138 

163 

13 

35 

54 

77 

104 

131 

158 

184 

210 

14 

41 

63 

90 

119 

149 

178 

208 

238 

15 

45 

72 

104 

136 

169 

200 

232 

264 

16 

49 

82 

118 

154 

190 

226 

262 

298 

334 

370 

17 

92 

132 

173 

213 

254 

295 

335 

376 

416 

18 

147 

193 

237 

282 

329 

373 

419 

485 

19 

163 

213 

263 

313 

364 

414 

464 

515 

20 

182 

237 

293 

348 

403 

458 

513 

568 

21 

203 

263 

323 

384 

446 

506 

566 

626 

22 

225 

291 

357 

423 

489 

555 

621 

687 

23 

253 

323 

393 

463 

533 

603 

673 

743 

24 

274 

351 

428 

505 

582 

659 

736 

813 

25 

379 

463 

547 

631 

715 

799 

883 

26 

408 

500 

592 

684 

776 

868 

960 

27 

443 

542 

641 

740 

839 

938 

1037 

28 

477 

584 

691 

798 

905 

1012 

1119 

29 

514 

630 

746 

862 

978 

1094 

1210 

30 

559 

682 

805 

928 

1051 

1175 

1298 

Stump  height  1.5  feet. 

Trees  scaled  in  16  foot  logs  with  0.3  foot  trimming  allowance  to  5  inches  d.  i.  b. 
in  top  by  International  Eule. 

Basis :  Table  I,  converted  by  study  of  length  of  top  above  5  inches  for  various 
diameters  and  lengths. 


STATION  PUBLICATIONS  AVAILABLE  FOR  FREE  DISTRIBUTION 

BULLETINS 


No. 
185. 

241. 
246. 
251. 

253. 

261. 
262. 

263. 
266. 

267. 
268. 
270. 


271. 
273. 

275. 

276. 
278. 
279. 
280. 

282. 

283. 
285. 
286. 
290. 

294. 
297. 
298. 
299. 
300 
301. 


No. 

Report  of  Progress  in  Cereal  Investiga-  302. 

tions. 
Vine  Pruning  in  California,  Part  I.  304. 

Vine  Pruning  in  California,  Part  II. 
Utilization  of  the  Nitrogen  and  Organic  308. 

Matter    in    Septic    and    Imhoff    Tank 

Sludges. 
Irrigation    and    Soil    Conditions    in    the  309. 

Sierra  Nevada  Foothills,  California. 
Melaxuma  of  the  Walnut,  "Juglans  regia."  310. 

Citrus    Diseases    of    Florida    and    Cuba  312. 

Compared  with  Those  of  California.  313. 

Size  Grades  for  Ripe  Olives.  316. 

A  Spotting  of  Citrus  Fruits  Due  to  the  317. 

Action  of  Oil  Liberated  from  the  Rind.  318. 

Experiments  with  Stocks  for  Citrus.  320. 

Growing  and  Grafting  Olive  Seedlings.  321. 

A  Comparison  of  Annual  Cropping,   Bi-  322. 

ennial   Cropping,    and   Green    Manures  323. 

on  the  Yield  of  Wheat. 
Feeding  Dairy  Calves  in  California.  324. 

Preliminary  Report  on  Kearney  Vineyard 

Experimental  Drain.  325. 

The  Cultivation  of  Belladonna  in  Cali- 
fornia. 
The  Pomegranate.  326. 

Grain  Sorghums.  328. 

Irrigation  of  Rice  in  California.  329. 

Irrigation  of  Alfalfa  in  the  Sacramento  330. 

Valley.  331. 

Trials  with   California   Silage   Crops   for  332. 

Dairy  Cows.  333. 

The  Olive  Insects  of  California. 
The  Milk  Goat  in  California. 

Commercial  Fertilizers.  334. 

The    June    Drop    of    Washington    Navel 

Oranges.  335. 

Bean  Culture  in  California. 

The  Almond  in  California.  336. 

Seedless  Raisin  Grapes. 

The  Use  of  Lumber  on  California  Farms.  337. 

Commercial  Fertilizers. 
California  State  Dairy  Cow  Competition, 

1916-1918. 


Control  of  Ground  Squirrels  by  the  Fumi- 
gation Method. 

A  Study  on  the  Effects  of  Freezes  on 
Citrus  in  California. 

I.  Fumigation  with  Liquid  Hydrocyanic 
Acid.  II.  Physical  and  Chemical  Pro- 
perties of  Liquid  Hydrocyanic  Acid. 

I.  The  Carob  in  California.  II.  Nutritive 
Value  of  the  Carob  Bean. 

Plum  Pollination. 

Mariout  Barley. 

Pruning  Young  Deciduous  Fruit  Trees. 

The  Kaki  or  Oriental  Persimmon. 

Selections  of  Stocks  in  Citrus  Propagation. 

The  Effects  of  Alkali  on  Citrus  Trees. 

Control  of  the  Coyote  in  California. 

Commercial  Production  of  Grape  Syrup. 

The  Evaporation  of  Grapes. 

Heavy  vs.  Light  Grain  Feeding  for  Dairy 
Cows. 

Storage  of  Perishable  Fruit  at  Freezing 
Temperatures. 

Rice  Irrigation  Measurements  and  Ex- 
periments in  Sacramento  Valley,  1914- 
1919. 

Brown  Rot  of  Apricots. 

Prune  Growing  in  California. 

A  White  Fir  Volume  Table. 

Dehydration  of  Fruits. 

Phylloxera-Resistant  Stocks. 

Walnut  Culture  in  California. 

Some  Factors  Affecting  the  Quality  of 
Ripe  Olives  Sterilized  at  High  Tem- 
peratures. 

Preliminary  Volume  Tables  for  Second- 
Growth  Redwoods. 

Cocoanut  Meal  as  a  Feed  for  Dairy  Cows 
and  Other  Livestock. 

The  Preparation  of  Nicotine  Dust  as  an 
Insecticide. 

Some  Factors  of  Dehydrater  Efficiency. 


CIRCULARS 

No.  No. 

70.  Observations    on    the    Status     of    Corn  155. 

Growing  in  California.  157. 

76.  Hot  Room  Callusing.  158. 

82.  The  Common  Ground  Squirrels  of  Cali-  159. 

fornia.  160. 

87.  Alfalfa.  161. 

110.  Green  Manuring  in  California.  164. 

111.  The  Use  of  Lime  and  Gypsum  on  Cali-  165. 

fornia  Soils. 

113.  Correspondence  Courses  in  Agriculture.  166. 

114.  Increasing  the  Duty  of  Water.  167. 

115.  Grafting  Vinifera  Vineyards.  168. 

126.  Spraying  for  the  Grape  Leaf  Hopper. 

127.  House  Fumigation.  169. 

128.  Insecticide  Formulas.  170. 

129.  The  Control  of  Citrus  Insects. 

130.  Cabbage  Growing  in  California.  172. 
135.  Official  Tests  of  Dairy  Cows.  173. 

138.  The  Silo  in  California  Agriculture.  174. 

139.  The  Generation  of  Hydrocyanic  Acid  Gas  175. 

in  Fumigation  by  Portable  Machines. 

144.  Oidium  or  Powdery  Mildew  of  the  Vine.  176. 
148.  "Lungworms." 

151.  Feeding  and  Management  of  Hogs.  177. 

152.  Some  Observations  on  the  Bulk  Handling  178. 

of  Grain  in  California.  179. 

153.  Announcement    of    the    California    State 

Dairy  Cow  Competition,  1916-18.  181. 

154.  Irrigation    Practice    in    Growing    Small  182. 

Fruits  in  California. 


Bovine  Tuberculosis. 

Control  of  the  Pear  Scab. 

Home  and  Farm  Canning. 

Agriculture  in  the  Imperial  Valley. 

Lettuce  Growing  in  California. 

Potatoes  in  California. 

Small  Fruit  Culture  in  California. 

Fundamentals    of    Sugar    Beet    Culture 

under  California  Conditions. 
The  County  Farm  Bureau. 
Feeding  Stuffs  of  Minor  Importance. 
Spraying  for  the  Control  of  Wild  Morning- 
Glory  within  the  Fog  Belt. 
The  1918  Grain  Crop. 
Fertilizing  California  Soils  for  the   1918 

Crop. 
Wheat  Culture. 

The  Construction  of  the  Wood-Hoop  Silo. 
Farm  Drainage  Methods. 
Progress  Report  on  the   Marketing  and 

Distribution  of  Milk. 
Hog  Cholera  Prevention  and  the  Serum 

Treatment. 
Grain  Sorghums. 

The  Packing  of  Apples  in  California. 
Factors  of  Importance  in  Producing  Milk 

of  Low  Bacterial  Count. 
Control  of  the  California  Ground  Squirrel. 
Extending  the  Area  of  Irrigated  Wheat  in 

California  for  1918. 


CIRCULARS — Continued 


No. 

183.  Infectious  Abortion  in  Cows. 

184.  A  Flock  of  Sheep  on  the  Farm. 

185.  Beekeeping  for  the  Fruit-grower  and  Small 

Rancher  or  Amateur. 

188.  Lambing  Sheds. 

189.  Winter  Forage  Crops. 

190.  Agriculture  Clubs  in  California. 

191.  Pruning  the  Seedless  Grapes. 

193.  A  Study  of  Farm  Labor  in  California. 
198.  Syrup  from  Sweet  Sorghum. 

201.  Helpful  Hints  to  Hog  Raisers. 

202.  County  Organizations  for  Rural  Fire  Con- 

trol. 

203.  Peat  as  a  Manure  Substitute. 

205.  Blackieg. 

206.  Jack  Cheese. 

208.  Summary  of  the  Annual  Reports  of  the 

Farm  Advisors  of  California. 

209.  The  Function  of  the  Farm  Bureau. 

210.  Suggestions  to  the  Settler  in  California. 


No. 

214.  Seed    Treatment   for   the    Prevention    of 

Cereal  Smuts. 

215.  Feeding  Dairy  Cows  in  California. 

217.  Methods    for    Marketing    Vegetables    in 

California. 

218.  Advanced  Registry  Testing  of  Dairy  Cows. 

219.  The  Present  Status  of  Alkali. 

220.  Unfermented  Fruit  Juices. 

221.  How  California  is  Helping  People  Own 

Farms  and  Rural  Homes. 

222.  Fundamental  Principles  of  Co-operation 

in  Agriculture. 

223.  The  Pear  Thrips. 

224.  Control  of  the  Brown  Apricot  Scale  and 

the    Italian   Pear    Scale    on    Deciduous 
Fruit  Trees. 

226.  Protection  of  Vineyards  from  Phylloxera. 

227.  Plant  Disease  and  Pest  Control. 

228.  Vineyard  Irrigation  in  Arid  Climates. 

229.  Cordon  Pruning. 


